Animal Testing

Animal testing or animal research is the use of non-human animals in scientific experimentation. It is estimated that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide — from zebrafish to non-human primates — are used annually. Most animals are euthanized after being used in an experiment. Researchs are usually conducted inside universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, farms, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry. These experiments are usually tested on animals first than humans, this is to prevent any serious damage against human.

Animal Rights..

Using animals in research and experiments, is it bad? In my own opinion, I’m totally against it because every species in this world deserved to live naturally in the wilds. Not being experimenting. It’s just wrong to think that these poor creatures were being research and experimenting for the sake of others; humans. True, the results of the experiment can be satisfactory to us but think about the life of the animals after the researcher done with them. Some of them are left to die and some are lucky enough to be sent to a zoo. Think about the possibility that the animals such as pandas extinct in around 20 years or so. It is a pity that our future generations would only see them in the picture rather than the real one.

Animal testing should be bannedWhen picking out your mascara or eyeliner, do you even stop to see what kind of makeup you are using? You could be supporting animal cruelty and not even know it. Today many makeup products, such as mascara, are being tested on animals. Helpless and defenseless animals are being performed on for different types of experiments all around the world. Most of the things being performed in these labs you could never imagine one human being doing to another. I believe that animal testing should be banned because it is cruel, not very reliable, inaccurate, and is proved to be unnecessary.

Animal testing is arrogant and incredibly cruel. Like us, animals can feel pain and fear, but also excitement and satisfaction. Close contact with animals shows that they look forward to some extents, and can clearly get a lot of enjoyment from their lives, be it from basking in the sun, exercising, eating favorite food, or interacting with others, as in playing and mutual grooming. Certainly animals don't have the same abilities as humans. They can't talk, write books or drive cars, but neither can some humans. We don't ask how intelligent a person is before we decide whether to eat
. . . To make a long story short, animal experiments are futile.

Animals are typically tested using methods and doses that are at odds with real-life conditions. Animals have the right to be treated as being of value, and should not be experimented on, no matter the gain for humans. According to Don Barnes, director of education for the National Antivivisection Society, "it is simply assumed that mammalian similarities are sufficient to counteract species differences, even in the fact of significant evidence to the contrary. More types of medicine and cosmetics are being produced than is necessary.

Medication and treatments that have been tested on animals do not guarantee a safe use for humans. Animal experimentation is based on the idea that animals can be used as "models" for humans. Some of these animals are subjected to pain in tests of skin or eye irritancy; others are killed while establishing the lethal dose of chemical products. The suggestion that a drug tested on animals would be safe for people has been proved scientifically untrue.

Use of animals clearly violates animals’ right to live without suffering pain or emotional distress. Companies can also formulate products using ingredients already determined to be safe by the FDA. Every year, the US vivisection industries spend over $18 billion on animal experiments.

"THANK YOU FOR SMOKING" -movie review.

Thank You for Smoking’ is a movie about smoking in which no one is ever actually seen smoking. Slick, shark-eyed protagonist Nick Naylor (Aaron Eckhart), a lobbyist for the multi-billion-dollar American tobacco industry, is a smoker, or so we’re told, but no evidence of a habit is forthcoming – though at one point some anti-tobacco activists pelt Naylor with nicotine patches. Those hypocritical lung-huggers have nothing on Naylor and his buddy lobbyists, who call themselves the ‘Merchants of Death’ or the MOD Squad (Maria Bello shills for alcohol and David Koechner advocates for guns’n’ammo). The premise of writer-director Jason Reitman’s cynical farce is that a sharp mind, sufficiently motivated by cash and competitive bloodlust, can modify any fact and contort any line of logic to serve a bad but profitable idea.

Naylor begins to fret about the ethical quandaries of his success, however, when faced with pointed questions from his son (Cameron Bright).Adapted from Christopher Buckley’s satirical source novel, Reitman’s first feature is potent with one-liners, but the whole is less than the sum of its zingers and its impressive cast, including Robert Duvall as a crusty billionaire, William H Macy as a nefarious blue-state senator, and Rob Lowe as a slippery agent (Katie Holmes is miscast per usual, this time as a crusading reporter). Besotted with its dazzling protagonist and committed to equal-opportunity attack, the film has no point of view beyond the position that everyone concerned is either amoral or an idiot or an amoral idiot. Aiming at all targets and hitting none of them, the movie is as harmless and inconsequential as a candy cigarette.

Animal Rights

ANIMAL TESTING

Animal testing or animal research is the use of non-human animals in scientific experimentation. It is estimated that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide — from zebrafish to non-human primates — are used annually. Although much larger numbers of invertebrates are used and the use of flies and worms as model organisms is very important, experiments on invertebrates are largely unregulated and not included in statistics.

Safety tests are conducted on a wide range of chemicals and products, including drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, household cleaners, pesticides, foodstuffs, and packing materials. The safety testing of chemicals and consumer products probably accounts for only about 10 percent to 20 percent of the use of animals in laboratories, or approximately two to four million animals in the United States. Yet the use of animals in safety testing figures prominently in the animal research controversy.

It raises issues such as the ethics and humaneness of deliberately poisoning animals,
the propriety of harming animals for the sake of marketing a new cosmetic or household product, the applicability of animal data to humans, and the possibility of sparing millions of animals by developing alternatives to a handful of widely used procedures.

OPINION about ANIMAL TESTING

The shift toward non-animal testing methods, such as human cell-based tests, will result in more accurate, applicable data and will ensure greater safety for humans. But it also will save hundreds of thousands of animals.

The shift toward non-animal testing methods, such as human cell-based tests, will result in more accurate, applicable data and will ensure greater safety for humans. But it also will save hundreds of thousands of animals.

Animals used in toxicity tests and other experimental research suffer terribly in laboratory cages. They also can feel great physical pain when toxic chemicals are tested on them. We are fortunate to have advanced technologies that allow researchers to develop remarkably accurate testing methods. Now we can protect animals by relying less on rats, mice and other animals commonly used in experiments. =]

Animal's rights.

OPINION: ANIMAL's rights and Animal's Testing

Animal rights, also known as animal liberation, is the idea that the basic interests of non-human animals.Animal rights is the concept that all or some animals are entitled to possess their own lives; that they are deserving of, or already possess, certain moral rights; and that some basic rights for animals ought to be enshrined in law. The animal-rights view rejects the concept that animals are merely capital goods or property intended for the benefit of humans. The concept is often confused with animal welfare, which is the philosophy that takes cruelty towards animals and animal suffering into account, but that does not assign specific moral rights to them.

A man in Shanghai begs for money, holding a monkey who is missing a limb and tethered by a rope.

In animal testing, drug companies make every effort to use as few animals as possible and to ensure their humane and proper care. Generally, two or more species (one rodent, one non-rodent) are tested because a drug may affect one species differently from another. Animal testing is used to measure how much of a drug is absorbed into the blood, how it is broken down chemically in the body, the toxicity of the drug and its breakdown products (metabolites), and how quickly the drug and its metabolites are excreted from the body.Animal testing is inhuman and it is morally wrong to torture animals for our own benifits.Everyday a human being will talk about his or her rights. If a person feels their rights have been taken away from them they will fight back. Therefore is it not hypercritical for humans -who are generally obsessed with their own rights- to torment and kill, innocent and defenseless animals? Why shouldn't animals recieve the same rights as humans? Imagine if this were happening to your own pets, to your cat or dog. Is the scientific benefits still the top priority?
What would happen if I were to deliberatley give another human a fatal disease, if i were to electrocute, shoot or poison them? This would be considered immorally wrong and I would be labeled as a psycho, and I would most certainly be jailed for it. Yet scientists can do this on a daily basis and no one thinks twice. Are these scientist labeled in this way? No - if they do manage to get lucky and create something beneficial from the torture, then they are seen as heroes.
We need to put an end to this cruelty, in the end what is more important, money or life?

"Thank you for Smoking"?

"Thank you for smoking". The first question that 'pops' into my mind was "WHY?" "Why thank you? The title was supposed to be "Thank you for NOT Smoking". After watching the movie I understand why. I have to say the movie was interesting in many ways. The movie tells us how smoking can affect an individual especially the teenagers. *spoiler alert* the movie describe about Mr. Taylor, who was the lobbyist in the Academy of Tobacco Studies who always believes that smoking is good. He’s gone through a lot of problems along the way such as being kidnapped and frowns upon the public. He knows that the job is something he’s good at and his son as his inspiration, he continued this job even after being reported in the newspaper that the real reason why he does the job was to pay for the mortgage. It occurs to me that people would use his specialty just to pay for the bills. The moral of the story I get from this movie was that we can use our own specialty for a good cause for example, at the end of the movie, Mr. Taylor teach people how to speak well as a lobbyist. I like the guideline of the story but the harsh language and vivid sex scene was a bummer to me. But still, I like the storyline..

Opinions and review about the movie - "Thank You for Smoking"

This film mainly focuses on the tobacco industry which is heavily under fire from the general public. In this film, the public demands a reduce or complete close down of the tobacco industry hoping to end the controversial smoking issue. This includes the hazards of smoking. However, Nick Naylor, who is the Vice President of and the chief spokesman for the Academy of the Tobacco Studies, stands up for the tobacco industry's side. Here he indirectly fights in the name of liberty and freedom for smokers. He raises logical reasons for why smoking should not be banned and adresses other hazards should be concerned of too rather than focusing on smoking only. For instance, he points out that cholesterol is one of the main killers in USA and he denounces one of the Senators for having a cheese production facilities in his farms. This simply goes against the health care of citizens and Senators should protect the population from harm, according to the rules and regulation. As a conclusion from this story, we should not banned other sectors while we are doing harm to ourself too because it looks like we are contradicting ourselves. The story suggests that we should maintain freedom and liberty to the people and let them do whatever they want as long as they do not break the laws.

Thank You For Smoking

Thank You For Smoking Review

Thank You for Smoking is a 2006 Golden Globe Award-nominated film satire directed by Jason Reitman and produced by David O. Sacks. It is based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Buckley. The title is based on the popular saying "Thank You for Not Smoking," and the cover of the DVD case is modeled on the Lucky Strike cigarette box.

This film is neither pro- nor anti-smoking. In fact, the act of smoking is not shown at all in the movie (except only once in the deleted scenes portion of the movie: after Naylor has been assaulted by anti-smoking activists, recovers, and is told he can never smoke again. He tries one, and passes out.) The closest the movie ever comes to depicting a character smoking is when Nick reaches into his shirt pocket for a cigarette. The pack, however, is empty. The film is more inclined to attack political correctness, despite some scenes showing pro-smoking messages. Overall it slightly parodies both struggles in promoting and preventing smoking, with the Tobacco companies resorting to giving obvious lies to people and the anti-smoking movements going too far (such as the senator editing movies that have cigarettes in them). During the film, it is repeated that "there is no scientific proof against cigarettes". On The Charlie Rose Show and in his director's commentary on the DVD, Reitman described it as a film with a libertarian message.

This message is crystallized in the movie when the Senator asks Nick whether he would let Joey smoke when he reaches the age of consent, to which Nick replies "if he really wants a cigarette, I'll buy him his first pack." When asked by a Senator if he believes cigarettes can lead to lung cancer and other conditions, Nick responds, to everyone's surprise, that he does. He goes on to state that he doesn't think there is a single person in the room that doesn't believe this, demonstrating that the point is that it is the individual's choice no matter what others believe he should do.

Reitman has given interviews clarifying his position. "I don’t want to change the tobacco industry," he declares on Ignoremagazine.com "I think the tobacco industry should just keep on doing what they’re doing. I want to make people laugh... This is about the freedom to smoke. This is about chilling out a little and relaxing. Let people make decisions for themselves as long as they’re willing to take personal responsibility for their actions."

Reitman went on to describe the response of tobacco lobbyists to his oeuvre. "I’m going to be [in DC] tonight actually for a screening that Donald Rumsfeld apparently might attend... we had a great screening with lots of local politicos, and lobbyists, plenty of lobbyists. An alcohol lobbyist pulled me aside and went on and on about how much she loved the film and how everyone she knows in guns and liquor and cigarettes can’t wait to see it. And I thought that was awesome."

Review on THANK YOU FOR SMOKING.

THANK YOU FOR SMOKING's REVIEW

Thank You for Smoking is a fiercely satirical look at today's "culture of spin." The hero of the film is Nick Naylor, chief spokesman for Big Tobacco, who makes his living defending the rights of smokers and cigarette makers.What I admired above all in "Thank You for Smoking" was its style. I enjoyed the satire; I laughed a lot because it's a very funny movie, but laughs are common and satire.This movie is about debate, and point of view.At one point in the movie Nick pays a call on Lorne Lutcha former Marlboro Man, now dying of cancer and speaking out bitterly against cigarettes. Nick brings along a briefcase full of $100 bills. This is not a bribe, he explains. It is a gift. Of course, to accept such a gift and then continue to attack tobacco would be ungrateful. Lorne eyes the money and wonders if he could maybe take half of it and cut back on his attacks. Nick explains with genuine regret that it doesn't work that way. Once you're on board, you're along for the ride. It is highly recommended and a must see movie.

glitter-graphics.com

1.Smoking is the single largest preventable cause of premature death and disability.
2.It causes lung cancer, emphysema, and coronary heart disease.
3.Nine out of ten smokers say they want to quit.
4.Smoking has severe economic consequences for the nation
5.Smoking is a major risk factor for peripheral vascular disease. This disease is a narrowing of blood vessels that carry blood to the leg and arm muscles. If a blood clot blocks an already narrowed artery, then the result could be the damage or even the loss of an arm or leg.
6.Smoking is an addiction. Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, a drug that is addictive and can make it very hard, but not impossible, to quit.
7.More than 400,000 deaths in the U.S. each year are from smoking-related illnesses. Smoking greatly increases your risks for lung cancer and many other cancers.
8.Smoking harms not just the smoker, but also family members, coworkers and others who breathe the smoker's cigarette smoke, called secondhand smoke.
9.Among infants to 18 months of age, secondhand smoke is associated with as many as 300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia each year.
10.Secondhand smoke from a parent's cigarette increases a child's chances for middle ear problems, causes coughing and wheezing, and worsens asthma conditions.
11.If both parents smoke, a teenager is more than twice as likely to smoke than a young person whose parents are both non-smokers. In households where only one parent smokes, young people are also more likely to start smoking.
12.Pregnant women who smoke are more likely to deliver babies whose weights are too low for the babies' good health. If all women quit smoking during pregnancy, about 4,000 new babies would not die each year.

say no!! to this ->

Negative Effects of Smoking

We often heard from our parents that when they were young, people could buy cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere — even in hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were all over the place. Today we're more aware about how bad smoking is for our health. Smoking is restricted or banned in almost all public places and cigarette companies are no longer allowed to advertise on TV, radio, and in many magazines.

Everyone knows that smoking can cause cancer when you get older, but did you know that it also has bad effects on your body right now? A cigarette contains about 4000 chemicals, many of which are poisonous. Some of the worst ones are:

Nicotine: a deadly poison
Arsenic: used in rat poison
Methane: a component of rocket fuel
Ammonia: found in floor cleaner
Cadmium: used in batteries
Carbon Monoxide: part of car exhaust
Formaldehyde: used to preserve body tissue
Butane: lighter fluid
Hydrogen Cyanide: the poison used in gas chambers

Every time you inhale smoke from a cigarette, small amounts of these chemicals get into your blood through your lungs. They travel to all the parts of your body and cause harm.

Almost everyone knows that smoking causes cancer, emphysema, and heart disease; that it can shorten your life by 10 years or more; and that the habit can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year. So how come people are still lighting up? The answer, in a word, is addiction.

Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body and mind quickly become so used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to have it just to feel normal. People start smoking for a variety of different reasons. Some think it looks cool. Others start because their family members or friends smoke.

Smoking also can be costly. Try to imagine, a pack of cigarettes costs $4.50, on average. That means, even if you buy just one pack a week, you'll spend $234 in a year. Some people smoke a pack a day, which adds up to $1,642! That's a lot of CDs, computer games, and clothes you could buy instead.

Here are some facts about what smoking cigarettes does to you:
a) Smoking makes you smell bad, gives you wrinkles, stains your teeth, and gives you bad breath.
b) Smokers get 3 times more cavities than non-smokers.
c) Smoking lowers your hormone levels.
d) When smokers catch a cold, they are more likely than non-smokers to have a cough that lasts a long time. They are also more likely than non-smokers to get bronchitis and pneumonia.
e) Teen smokers have smaller lungs and a weaker heart than teen non-smokers. They also get sick more often than teens who don't smoke.

Negative Effects of Smoking

Health Effects:

1) The effects of cigarette smoking on the cardiovascular system are multifold: Smoking lowers HDL cholesterol ("good" cholesterol), even in adolescents.

2) Smoking is the cause of nearly 85 percent of all cases of lung cancer in the United States, but smoking accounts for other types of cancers as well.

3) Smoking has many negative effects on bones and joints since it impairs formation of new bone.

4) Smoking increases acid secretion, reduces prostaglandin and bicarbonate production and decreases mucosal blood flow—which can cause peptic ulcers.

5) Smoking deteriorates the elastic properties of the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body, which increases the risk for developing blood clots.

6) Smoking increases the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, putting additional stress on the system that regulates the heart and blood vessels.

7) In women, smoking increases risk for cardiovascular disease because it effects hormones that cause estrogen deficiency.

8) Those who smoke a pack of cigarettes a day have almost two and a half times the risk for having a stroke as nonsmokers.

9) Tar from cigarettes causes specific DNA damage to the lungs, making it particularly difficult for cells to repair.

10) Smoking and smokeless tobacco (chew) account for over 60 percent of cancers of the throat, mouth and esophagus.

11) Smokers have higher rates of leukemia, and cancers of the stomach, bladder, kidney and pancreas.

12) Women who smoke are at an exceptionally high risk for developing osteoporosis, and women smokers have a slightly increased chance of developing rheumatoid arthritis.

13) Smokers are also more disposed to developing degenerative disorders and injuries in the spine.

14) Smoking also delays the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers.

15) Cyanedim, a chemical found in cigarette smoke, interferes with thyroid hormone production, which can lead to thyroid disease.

16) Heavy smokers are at risk for developing cataracts of the eye, and smokers also have twice the risk of nonsmokers for developing macular degeneration, an age-related eye disorder.

17) Smokers look older than nonsmokers since smokers develop more and deeper wrinkles as they age.

18) Women who smoke are at greater risk for infertility.

19) Because smoking restricts blood vessels, it can prevent oxygen and nutrients from getting to the skin - which is why smokers often appear pale and unhealthy.

20) All those cigarettes leave smokers with a condition called halitosis, or persistent bad breath.

Izat The Flying Bruneian

consequences of smoking

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SMOKING.

Smoking is not only harmful for the user, but it also affects the harmless people around the user that inhale the filthy smoke. This is called second-hand smoke. All parts of the body are affected when you smoke. Your face, your finger tips, and many others. Smoking can make you also have wrinkles and it tightens your skin. So, when you are 16 and still smoking by 20, you will look 35.

->Smoking causes cancers in parts of the body (including the kidney, cervix, and bone marrow) that have not been previously linked to to smoking in this series of reports.

->Smoking diminishes health generally. Adverse health effects begin before birth and continue across the life span. Smoking also causes cataracts and contributes to the development of osteoporosis, thus increasing the risk for fracture in the elderly.

->During 1995-1999, smoking caused approximately 440,000 premature deaths in the United States annually, leading to 13.2 years of potential life lost for male smokers, and 14.5 years lost for female smokers.

->Changes in cigarettes that reduce machine yields of tar and nicotine have not had any clear benefits for public health.

->Smoking causes other respiratory diseases like chronic coughs, shortness of breath, asthma, and emphysema. A smoker will also make colds, flus, and ordinary illnesses worse than usual. That happens because their immune system is worse than before they started smoking. A smoker will wake up everyday with a hacking cough and it stays there all day.

->Smoking dyes the smoker's teeth and fingernails yellow. It gives smokers bad breath, and it causes mouth cancers and gum disease. Smoking damages teeth and gums permanently. Smoker's teeth fall out faster than non-smokers and smoker's are likely candidates for oral cancer.

->Babies who are born to mothers who smoke usually are 200 grams lighter than babies born to mothers that don't smoke. Smoke inhalation contributes to babies being victims of "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome."

->Your fingers and fingernails become discolored with tarry, mustard-hued stains that can't be scrubbed off.

->Chronic tobacco users may develop tobacco amblyopia, a condition that involves difficulty with symmetric aligned eye movements.

->Female smokers over the age of 35 who take oral contraceptives ("the pill") are at greater risk for heart attack, stroke, and blood clots.

->If you are overweight or have high blood pressure or diabetes, smoking will aggravate these conditions and could lead to more severe symptoms and/or greater need for treatment.

->Children of mothers who smoke stand a greater chance of having asthma, ear infections, and upper respiratory infections.

->Decrease athletic ability.

->Stains the lungs black.

->Most kids who smoke regularly are already addicted, want to stop it but can't.

->

Negative Effect of Smoking

NEGATIVE EFFECT OF SMOKING

• Increased risk in lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.
  


• Regular smokers are estimated to live to 2.5 to 10 years less than nonsmokers.

• Diseases of the respiratory tract such as ephysema and cancer.

• Smoking causes impotence because it promotes arterial narrowing.



• Birth defects of pregnant smokers' offspring.



• Cataracts that may cause blindness.



• Increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and decline in cognitive abilities.



• Reduced memory and cognitive abilities in adolescent smokers.



• It makes our clothes and hair smells.

• Blood pressure and heart rate are increased, which means the heart is working harder than it should.

• The blood flow to the body's extremities, such as hands and feet is reduced.

• Reduced appetite is seen in some people, but smoking is a poor way to try to control weight.

• Foul breath, stained teeth and fingers, annoying coughing, reduced or foss of taste and smell, a reduced immune system often sees smokers getting more colds and flu, with longer recovery times, reduced potency in men and fertility in women.

• Effects the largest organ in our body, the skin, making smokers look older, earlier.

• A smoker irritates people by the foul smell and poisonous nature of his smoking.

• A smoker wastes his wealth on that which harms and has no benefit.

• A smoker inhales the smoke that does not give him any nourishment.

• A smoker, whether he likes it or not, makes of himself an example for his children and others to follow.

• Teens seem to be more abrasive when smoking or they feel like they are older and wiser when they smoke.